Natural Language Analysis and Machine Translation in Pilot-ATC Communication
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Source: www.mt-archive.info, Author: Boh Wasyyliw and Douglas Clarke
Page: 23 pages
In the statement: Mary McDonald told the pilot her flight would be late. the pronoun
’her’ could refer anaphorically to Mary McDonald or to the pilot.
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Boh Wasyliw &Douglas Clarke
NL Analysis and MT in pilot ATC communication
Natural Language Analysis and Machine Translation in Pilot - ATC Communication Boh Wasyliw* & Douglas Clarke$
*De Montfort University, UK $ Cranfield University, UK
Abstract
A significant factor in air accidents is "pilot error". Included in this category are errors in natural language communication between the pilot and air traffic control (ATC); errors possibly compounded by the use of English as a standard language for such communication. We concentrate on the likelihood of misunderstanding created by ambiguities in these messages. Often only a few seconds exist between the receipt of an ambiguous message and the subsequent incorrect action (potentially) leading to a fatal accident. We consider the feasibility of filtering each spoken message through an "intelligent computer interface", testing for ambiguities and only transmitting those messages which are clear and unambiguous. Unclear, ambiguous messages should be "authenticated" before transmission. The procedures for computer analysis would require not only sensitive speech recognition equipment but also complex software performing sophisticated linguistic analysis at the phonetic, syntactic, semantic and pragmatic levels. Analysis must also take place in "real time" so that both pilot and controller can receive warning that ambiguities exist in the last communication and corrective action taken in the short time available. Consideration is also given to extending the system from the monolingual to multilingual level allowing pilot and controller each to think and speak in his own native tongue. The sophisticated language analysis is being extended to allow for appropriate disambiguated, bilingual machine translation.
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Introduction
With speech-recognition facilities becoming increasingly available, and increasingly more versatile, the possibility of computer analysis and monitoring of spoken dialogue is now becoming a reality. Such analysis could be applied in a variety of different situations. The discussion here is concerned specifically with the computer analysis of dialogue between pilot and air traffic controller (ATCr). A number of fatal aircraft accidents have occurred as a result of human error. Some of these are specifically a result of misunderstanding between the pilot and ATCr when communicating with each other in natural language, English (the international language of air transport communication), which is not necessarily their mother tongue. Instances are the air crashes at Tenerife (Example 1, section 2.8 and the appendix), California (Example 2, section 2.8) and New York (Example 3, section 2.8).
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