High-availability mechanisms in MySQL
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5. MySQL 5.1 Reference Manual http://www.mysql.com/5.1/reference 7. MySQL
Cluster Evaluation Guide MySQL Technical White Paper (2007)
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High-availability mechanisms in MySQL
Ari J. Flinkman ari@flinkman.com,
University of Helsinki
Abstract. With MySQL, the popular commercial open source relational database engine, been implemented several mechanisms to provide high availability and resistance to hardware failures. This paper looks at ways to build a fault-tolerant MySQL installation by creating a active/passive setup using either MySQL’s standard replication, shared storage or DRBD, the Distributed Replicated Block Device. The paper also takes a look at MySQL Cluster and NDB Storage Engine, which can be used to create a setup with multiple active server instances with redundant, distributed storage for data.
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Introduction
A computer database is a structured collection of records of data that is stored in a computer system so that a computer program or person using a query language can consult it to answer queries. The records retrieved in answer to queries are information that can be used to make decisions. The computer program used to manage and query database is known as a database management systems (DBMS) As databases are increasingly deployed in environments which need to be reliable, the need to have high-availability databases has increased as well. A system which can be characterized as highly available can be trusted to work properly in cases of hardware or software failures. This availability is often expressed as a percentage of proper functioning over a period of time, typically a year. High availability on ”five nines” magnitude requires the system to be unavailable for less than six minutes a year. To achieve this, the DBMS must not rely on single pieces of hardware. It must be spread on group of servers, where any server can fail at any time, without impact. As redundant setups can become vulnerable when normal functioning is disrupted, it is important that the system can regain its redundancy as fast as possible. MySQL is a multithreaded, multi-user SQL DBMS, which enjoys huge popularity. The server is available as free software under the GNU General Public License and as a commercial product from MySQL AB. With the growing number of MySQL installations the need for high availability has grown too. Replication was the first feature to be implemented in MySQL 3.23, and the cluster features were first released in MySQL 4.1. As the cluster features in MySQL 5.1 will be distinctively different to MySQL 5.0, we will focus solely on 5.1.
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