Relationships between conductor damage, quenching and electromechanical behavior in YBCO coated …
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Source: www.magnet.fsu.edu, Author: Mbaruku, A.L.; Trociewitz, U.P.; Wang, X. and Schwartz, J.,
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but in fact alter the electro-mechanical properties of the conductor. This work
reports results on the effects of quenching on electromechanical behavior for
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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY, VOL. 17, NO. 2, JUNE 2007
Relationships Between Conductor Damage, Quenching and Electromechanical Behavior in YBCO Coated Conductors
A. L. Mbaruku, U. P. Trociewitz, X. Wang, Student Member, IEEE, and J. Schwartz, Fellow, IEEE
Abstract—The implementation of emerging superconducting materials into magnet systems with long service lifetimes requires a thorough understanding of their engineering properties, including their quench and electromechanical behaviors. Furthermore, it is essential to understand the role of defects in the conductor, whether they be pre-existing defects from the con, or local ductor manufacturing process that locally reduce defects that result from a non-destructive quench (i.e., a quench that may reduce locally but does not significantly affect the end-to-end behavior). This paper reports results on both of these types of defects and the interplay between quenching and electromechanical behavior. Quench studies investigate the initiation and propagation of quenches in coated conductors. Disturbances in homogeneous conductors are initiated by a pulsed heater attached to the conductor. Disturbances in locally damaged conductors are at the initiated by increasing the transport current above the local defect but below the end-to-end . Samples are quenched to determine the minimum quench energy and the quench propagation velocity. Homogeneous samples are also quenched to the point of initiating local damage, thereby identifying the maximum allowable hot-spot temperature or hot-spot temperature gradient. Samples used in quench studies are subsequently used in -strain measurements to determine how quenching affects subsequent performance. Samples that exhibit reduced from quenching, and samples from regions adjacent to such damaged samples, are studied. It is found that quenching can reduce the electromechanical performance of conductors that do not initially show a reduction in their electrical performance. Index Terms—Coated conductor, electromechanical behavior, quench damage effects.
Fig. 1. Schematic of voltage taps, thermocouples and the NiCr heater attached to the sample during quench experiments. The solid squares are thermocouples and the solid rectangles at each end are current leads.
make them vulnerable to excessive heating and damage if subjected to a quench [1]. If a magnet is effectively protected, then quenching does not damage the superconductor. Previous studies have shown, however, that YBCO is susceptible to damage in the event of a magnet quench. Degradation of was observed when YBCO coated conductors were quenched in liquid nitrogen with over-current pulses [2], [3]; clearly the quench protection parameters must be understood. Furthermore, because the failure of high temperature superconductors is fundamentally different than metallic low temperature superconductors, it is possible that a quench can appear to not cause any damage (i.e., not reduce ), but in fact alter the electro-mechanical properties of the conductor. This work reports results on the effects of quenching on electromechanical behavior for YBCO coated conductors. II. EXPERIMENTS A. Samples
I. INTRODUCTION UENCHING of superconducting magnets is not desired in any operation. While high-temperature superconductor based magnets may have higher stability margin, the slow quench propagation velocity, on the order of mm/s, may
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All samples for this study were derived from the same batch of tape manufactured and supplied by IGC Superpower Inc. The superconducting YBCO layer was coated on IBAD-YSZ and on 100 thick Hastelloy C-276 substrate. The 1.2 cm wide tape was slit into 4 mm wide tapes and electroplated with 36 thick Cu stabilizer. The tape has a 3 thick Ag layer, a 1.4 thick YBCO layer and 1 thick buffer layer. B. Partial Quench Damage Induction degradation Controlled partial quench-damage causes in some sections of 180 mm long samples. Voltage taps and thermocouples monitor the voltage and temperature versus time during the experiment. Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the wiring on the sample. Each voltage section is 10 mm long and type E thermocouples are attached in the middle of each voltage section. A NiCr wire heater is attached to the YBCO facing side using Stycast 2850FT. Samples are cryocooled to 37 K; after cooling the pressure within the cryostat is . More experimental details are found in [4], [5].
Manuscript received August 29, 2006. This work was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), and the Center for Advanced Power Systems (CAPS). A. L. Mbaruku and U. P. Trociewitz are with the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA (e-mail: mbaruku@magnet.fsu. edu; trociew@magnet.fsu.edu). X. Wang is with the FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA, and the Center for Advanced Power Systems, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA (e-mail: xiarong@mail.caps.fsu.edu). J. Schwartz is with the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. He is also with the FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA (e-mail: schwartz@magnet.fsu.edu). Color versions of one or more of the figures in this paper are available online at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org. Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TASC.2007.898874
1051-8223/$25.00 © 2007 IEEE
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