Harry Potter and the recessive allele
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NATURE|Vol 436|11 August 2005 776 Harry Potter and the recessive allele At every
stage, the children's familiarity with the Harry Potter characters
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11.8 Correspondence 776 NEW McP 9/8/05 3:36 PM Page 776 CORRESPONDENCE NATURE|Vol 436|11 August 2005 Harry Potter and the can be used as a hook to engage them in blends responses from investigators doing discussing concepts of heredity and genetics. basic discovery science with those doing recessive allele Jeffrey M. Craig*‡, Renee Dow†, clinical research, as if the accepted and MaryAnne Aitken†‡ acceptable practices in these two areas SIR — We are bombarded with news of *Chromosome Research, Murdoch Childrens did not differ markedly. However, that is genetic discoveries on an almost daily basis, Research Institute, Royal Childrens Hospital, not the case. but people without a formal knowledge of †Genetics Education, Murdoch Childrens For instance, in basic science, there are heredity and genetics can have difficulty in Research Institute, Royal Childrens Hospital, no specific regulations other than keeping deciphering and applying this information. ‡Department of Paediatrics, University of research records (misbehaviour no. 16) for Education and debate across all ages would Melbourne, Royal Childrens Hospital, a particular time period. In clinical research, undoubtedly help, but how can we teach Flemington Road, Parkville, on the other hand, good laboratory practice children these concepts? Victoria 3052, Australia requires certain types of record-keeping, We believe that successful lessons for the omission of which is not just careless younger children can be achieved using but potentially sanctionable, as it would analogies of direct interest and relevance. Tunnel vision all in the place an investigator out of compliance Most children are familiar with J. K. Rowling’s with Federal regulations. stories about the young wizard Harry Potter mind at Hothouse High Also, in basic research, intuition (whose latest exploit, Harry Potter and (misbehaviour no. 15) is an important, and the Half-Blood Prince, was published by SIR — Your News Feature “Hothouse High” perhaps in the end a researcher’s best, guide Bloomsbury in July). They are set in a world (Nature 435, 874–875; 2005) quotes current to distinguishing between data and noise. In like our own, but populated by a minority of students of Thomas Jefferson High School for clinical research, by contrast, intuition should people with supernatural powers (wizards Science and Technology as wishing they had never be used for deciding what data can or and witches) and a majority of people more opportunities to take music and other cannot be included in an experiment. Indeed, without (muggles). non-science courses. every subject counts, and excluding subjects As an alumna from the class of 1993, and without appropriate documentation would “With the use of these examples, a musician, I am dismayed, because this was be a serious and sanctionable matter. not the case at all while I attended Jefferson. If Finally, Martinson and his colleagues the concepts of mendelian genetics anything, there was a strong multidisciplinary consider “changing the design, methodology can be introduced to children as approach to teaching, which I believe actually or results of a study in response to young as five.” helped those of us who went on to pursue a pressure from a funding source” as a single science career. I disagree with Chris Colin’s misbehaviour (misbehaviour no. 10). They — J. M Craig, R. Dow, M. A. Aitken statement that “tunnel vision at Jefferson ignore the fact that changing research design Wizards or witches can be of any race, and hindered thinking about other interests and and methodology — although never the may be the offspring of a wizard and a witch, career choices” and I suggest that the only results — is precisely what investigators are the offspring of two muggles (‘muggle-born’), tunnel vision at Jefferson in danger of supposed to do, to satisfy the criticisms of or of mixed ancestry (‘half-blood’). affecting students might be their own. scientific review groups and the funding This suggests that wizarding ability is I was saddened by the declaration that agencies that they represent. inherited in a mendelian fashion, with the two-thirds of the seniors at Jefferson now say Frederick Grinnell wizard allele (W) being recessive to the they wouldn’t choose it again. Perhaps the Ethics in Science and Medicine Program, muggle allele (M). According to this wrong students are attending Jefferson for University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, hypothesis, all wizards and witches therefore the wrong reasons? There is pressure, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, have two copies of the wizard allele (WW). especially from parents worried about Texas 75390-9039, USA Harry’s friends Ron Weasley and Neville college admissions, for their children to Longbottom and his arch-enemy Draco attend Jefferson regardless of their interest Malfoy are ‘pure-blood’ wizards: WW with in science. Not to mention that Jefferson is Cannabis on a downer WW ancestors for generations back. Harry’s a public school, free to attend and free from friend Hermione is a powerful muggle-born the violence endemic to most public schools SIR — Why did you use a down arrow to witch (WW with WM parents). Their in the greater Washington DC area. score the recent US Supreme Court decision classmate Seamus is a half-blood wizard, the Samantha G. Zeitlin banning users from growing cannabis at son of a witch and a muggle (WW with one Department of Medicine, Moores–UCSD Cancer home (“Scorecard” Nature 435, 724; 2005)? WW and one WM parent). Harry (WW with Center, University of California, San Diego, The issue of medical marijuana in the WW parents) is not considered a pure-blood, La Jolla, California 92093, USA United States is controversial. Although as his mother was muggle-born. there is still no clear definitive scientific There may even be examples of incomplete evidence for either side of the argument, penetrance (Neville has poor wizarding Misconduct: acceptable you seemed to pass judgement on this issue skills) and possible mutations or questionable in a one-line statement. paternity: Filch, the caretaker, is a ‘squib’, practices differ by field Martin J. Neumann someone born into a wizarding family but Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological with no wizarding powers of their own. SIR — The US Office of Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, We believe that, with the use of these Technology Policy wisely states, in its University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA examples, the concepts of mendelian definition of misconduct, that there must genetics can be introduced to children as be a significant departure from the accepted The arrows used in Sidelines are intended young as five, and then built on by gradually practices of the relevant research community. to record changes to the current prospects introducing specific terms such as ‘gene’ and In their Commentary article on the of the topic under discussion, not to pass ‘allele’, and relating these to chromosomes integrity of science, “Scientists behaving an editorial judgement, although in this and DNA. At every stage, the children’s badly” (Nature 435, 737–738; 2005), Brian case their meaning was ambiguous — familiarity with the Harry Potter characters C. Martinson and colleagues use a survey that News Editor, Nature. 776 © 2005 Nature Publishing Group © 2005 Nature Publishing Group
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