Experimental study of the air-water shear flow in a hydraulic jump
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air entrainment in hydraulic jump was investigated in terms of the air demand :
ie, the total quantity of entrained air (eg WOOD 1991, CHANSON 1997a).
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CHANSON, H., and BRATTBERG, T. (2000). "Experimental Study of the Air-Water Shear Flow in a Hydraulic Jump." Intl Jl of Multiphase Flow, Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 583-607 (ISSN 0301-9322). EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE AIR-WATER SHEAR FLOW IN A HYDRAULIC JUMP by H. CHANSON and T. BRATTBERG Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia Abstract : Although the hydraulic jump has been investigated experimentally for nearly two centuries, little information is known of the air-water flow properties in the shear region. New experiments were performed in a horizontal channel with partially-developed inflow conditions. Distributions of air concentration, mean air-water velocity and bubble frequency were recorded and presented herein. The results indicate an advective diffusion of air in the shear layer. The velocity profiles have a similar shape as wall jet flows but different quantitative parameters must be introduced. The relationship between air content and bubble frequency has a parabolic shape which is not yet understood but was observed previously in open channel flows. Key words : air bubble entrainment, hydraulic jump, void fraction, air-water velocity, bubble frequency, air-water shear flow, experimental data. INTRODUCTION In open channels, the transition between supercritical and subcritical flow (i.e. a hydraulic jump) is characterised by a sharp rise in free-surface elevation, strong turbulence, splashing and air entrapment in the roller. Historically air entrainment in hydraulic jump was investigated in terms of the air demand : i.e., the total quantity of entrained air (e.g. WOOD 1991, CHANSON 1997a). A 'milestone' contribution was the work of RESCH and LEUTHEUSSER (1972) who showed first that the air entrainment process, the transfer of momentum and the energy dissipation are strongly affected by the inflow conditions. Recently the first author (CHANSON and
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