MRI artifacts of metallic stents derived from imaging sequencing and the ferromagnetic nature of …
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15) Shellock FG, Morisoli S, Kanal E. MR procedures and biomedical implants, materials,
and devices: 1993 update. Radiology, 189: 587, 599, 1993.
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TECHNICAL NOTE TECHNICAL NOTE Radiation Medicine: Vol.17 No.4, 329–334 p.p., 1999 MRI Artifacts of Metallic Stents Derived from Imaging Sequencing and the Ferromagnetic Nature of Materials Toshiaki Nitatori,* Hideto Hanaoka,* Junichi Hachiya,* and Kenichi Yokoyama* In vitro and in vivo studies were performed to assess the optimum materials and imaging methods for metallic stents by conducting an in vitro investigation of MRI artifacts arising during imaging by several representative imaging methods using various types of stents and by clarifying the differences occurring with different metals and imaging sequences. We also examined the use of MRCP and MRA in evaluating luminal patency within stented biliary tracts and blood vessels in vivo. In vitro study showed either no artifacts or very slight artifacts created by titanium stents, however, marked image distortion was created by a stainless steel stent. Using SE instead of GRE sequences can minimize these artifacts. Echo planar imaging (EPI) produced severe susceptibility artifacts, resulting in unsatisfactory images. In vitro and in vivo studies indicated that MRCP was an effective method for follow-up studies of bile duct stents, but that MRA is quite limited as a method of follow-up study for currently available vascular stents. Key words: magnetic resonance imaging, artifact, interventional radiology, metallic stent INTRODUCTION progress of late,4-5 are optimal tools for stent follow-up, but there have been almost no reports on MRI artifacts arising from the new high-speed sequences used in STENT IMPLANTATION by the technique of interventional radiology for stenotic obstructive diseases of hollow imaging. Furthermore, very few general evaluations6-7 organs such as the bile duct, blood vessels, esophagus, have yet been made of the titanium alloy interventional and trachea is in widespread use.1-3 Irrespective of benign devices that have come into use. The goal of the present or malignant state, indications for stent implantation study was twofold: (1) to identify the optimal materials range from various congenital diseases to arteriosclerosis and imaging methods for stents by conducting an in vitro and malignant tumors. Magnetic resonance imaging investigation of MRI artifacts arising during imaging (MRI) is currently used to evaluate the postoperative by several representative imaging methods using various efficacy of interventional maneuvers by investigating types of stents and by clarifying the differences occurring the presence or absence and degree of luminal patency with different metals and imaging sequences and (2) to and to determine the condition of the area around the examine the use of MRCP and MRA in evaluating stent. In particular, magnetic resonance cholangio- luminal patency within stented biliary tracts and blood pancreaticography (MRCP) and magnetic resonance vessels in vivo. angiography (MRA), which have undergone remarkable MATERIALS AND METHODS Received November 25, 1998, revision accepted January 26, 1999. The following stents were used: Memotherm biliary stent * Department of Radiology, Kyorin University School of (BARD, New Jersey, USA), Z-stent (COOK, Indiana, Medicine USA), Accuflex biliary stent (Medi-tech, New England, Reprint requests to Toshiaki Nitatori, M.D., Department of Radiology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, USA), Wallstent (Schneizer, Bulach, Switzerland) and Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, JAPAN. NT stent (Thermo, Tokyo, Japan) as biliary stents and Volume 17, Number 4 329
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