AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS Emergency Contraception
Home // Medical // Pediatrics
File Size: 97.26 KB
Category: Medical & Pediatrics
Source: ec.princeton.edu
Page: 10 pages
Download: 1 time
Last Download : 20 days 7 hours 26 minutes ago by
Pediatrics, as well as other professional organizations, supports over-the- counter availability emy of Pediatrics has addressed the issues of adolescent
Share this info:
Content Inside:
AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS
POLICY STATEMENT
Organizational Principles to Guide and Define the Child Health Care System and/or Improve the Health of All Children
Committee on Adolescence
Emergency Contraception
ABSTRACT. Teen birth rates in the United States have declined during the last decade but remain much higher than rates in other developed countries. Reduction of unintended pregnancy during adolescence and the associated negative consequences of early pregnancy and early childbearing remain public health concerns. Emergency contraception has the potential to significantly reduce teen-pregnancy rates. This policy statement provides pediatricians with a review of emergency contraception, including a definition of emergency contraception, formulations and potential adverse effects, efficacy and mechanisms of action, typical use, and safety issues, including contraindications. This review includes teens’ and young adults’ reported knowledge and attitudes about hormonal emergency contraception and issues of access and availability. The American Academy of Pediatrics, as well as other professional organizations, supports over-the-counter availability of emergency contraception. In previous publications, the American Academy of Pediatrics has addressed the issues of adolescent pregnancy and other methods of contraception. Pediatrics 2005;116:1038–1047; contraception, emergency contraception, adolescent pregnancy.
ABBREVIATIONS. FDA, US Food and Drug Administration; OC, oral contraceptive.
ods of contraception.7–10 Estimates of use suggest that emergency contraception has contributed substantially to the decrease in reported abortion rates in recent years.5 Yet, comparison of teen birth rates in the United States with those of other developed countries suggests that US rates are still 2 to 10 times higher.11 The birth rate for 15- to 17-year-olds in the United States remains twice that of Canada and England and 10 times higher than the rates in France and Sweden.12 Thus, unintended pregnancy and its consequences for the adolescent age group and society remain a focus of individual and public health concern.12 Reduction of unintended pregnancy is best achieved by strategies that include developing and implementing effective programs to delay and reduce sexual activity, increasing the use of effective contraceptives, and improving knowledge about the correct use of different contraceptive methods. Strategies to reduce unplanned pregnancies should include improving the knowledge, accessibility, and availability of contraceptive services, including emergency contraception.1,13 It is estimated that appropriate use of emergency contraception could reduce the number of unintended pregnancies each year by half and thereby similarly reduce the abortion rate.5
DEFINITION OF EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION
BACKGROUND
ost teen pregnancies are unplanned and pose a significant societal cost and potential individual risk. For 15- to 19-year-old teens who become pregnant in the United States, 74% to 95% describe their pregnancies as unintended.1,2 In 1999 (the most recent data available), approximately 56.5% of teenage pregnancies ended in live births, 28.5% in induced abortion, and 15% in miscarriage or stillbirth.3 Since 1990, birth rates for 15- to 19-yearolds in the United States have declined by 28% to a low of 43 per 1000 in 2002.4 For 15- to 17-year-olds, the 38% decrease in birth rates was even more dramatic, down to 27 per 1000 in 2002.4 The most recent data on abortion rates in 15- to 19-year-olds indicate a decrease of 39% during the last decade, with some estimates suggesting more than a 50% decline.3,5,6 The largest decline in abortion rates for 15- to 17year-olds occurred from 1994 to 2000.5,6 The decline in teen birth rates reflects the higher rates of reported abstinence and more consistent use of reliable methdoi:10.1542/peds.2005-1877 PEDIATRICS (ISSN 0031 4005). Copyright © 2005 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.
M
“Emergency contraception” in this policy refers to the use of hormonal medications within 72 to 120 hours after unprotected or underprotected coitus for the prevention of unintended pregnancy.14,15 This includes the products labeled and dedicated for use as emergency contraception by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the “off-label” use of combination oral contraceptives (OCs) described in the literature since 1974.16 In the United States there are 2 FDA-approved medications for emergency contraception with labeled instructions. The combination of estrogen (ethinyl estradiol) and progestin (levonorgestrel) emergency contraception is marketed as Preven and was approved by the FDA in 1998. Preven contains hormones identical to those found in some combination OCs.17 Plan B (levonorgestrel), approved by the FDA in 1999, uses a progestin-only formulation. Plan B uses the metabolically active hormone found in a progestin-only OC and the same hormone found in some combination OCs.18 In addition, some OCs can be given in doses appropriate for emergency contraception, although they are not specifically labeled for this indication
1038
PEDIATRICS Vol. 116 No. 4 October 2005
Comments
Related PDF Files
Today Terms
About Drilling machine seminer project, how to cite FASB website, harga sepeda motor honda, metan mt2 indir, Divar reset password, governing system of turbine, how to bypass evo immobiliser, mt2 energy, gambar ford f150, beyond bluetooth instructions, warmingmt2.com, lemon mt2 download, farm information in marathi, DURGGOV, harga lancer evo 9 indonesia, cisco 8485 DVB, BK-600 pair, foto motor drak, MOTOR DERAK, xtreme MT2 homepage, mercyslk200, block diagram of fire alarm system, yamaha mio sion, harga tzr50, PENNGERTIAN CROSS PLATFORM, peugeot 206 cd stacker pin configuration, learn baloon magic tricks in urdu, BK600 manual, Milling machine seminar report, www.limemt2.tk, T%C4%B0GGER MT2, g lens vs T* lens AND sony, harga honda jazz, matrix mt2 registration, jual audi a4 2002, block diagram of burglar alarm circuit, hargashockbreakermotorhondasuprafit, installing Parallels ToolsFedora 13, Ogilvy on Advertising torrent, sepering tes, modivikasi moto honda 70, cash mt2, Stiker Honda supra , 13 august 2010 kalnirnay, energy mt2 site, modifikasi supra x 2003, foto-foto motor loadrace, electrical turbine motor water, the narnia cookbook pdf, block diagram of burglar alarm, uh-60 operators manual pdf, mobil lancer 2004 bekas, physiotherapy ppt on polio, Sealux d90 price, NZ drunk driving 2010 statistics, mt2 legacy, Sealux d90, gambar mesin injeksen, harga mobil mazda rx8 tahun tertua, hr activities ppt, wind turbine VHDL ams model, harga mobil Mercedes-Benz SLK, hargamotorscopy, blackberry bold manual email reconciliation, mercy c200 th 2004, algorithms in endocrinology, matrixmt2.net download games, physiotherapy of multiple sclerosis ppt, mt2 dynasty, gambarmegapronew, harga Isuzu panther tahun 1994, Dark Revolution 2 Mt2, w3.schools.com oracle contents, Dark-Revolution2 Mt2, Dark Revolution 2 Mt2, Yearbook of Endocrinology download, allnewmuranoindonesia, lemmon mt2 indir, Pdf environmental projects in marathi, download Microbiology:Principles and Applications, semens analysis ppt, Harga cover body honda supra fit 2004, statistical quality control pdf rapidshare, foto honda megapro, free magic tricks in urdu, vixion harga scen, ckd np blansko oil pump, more...