National Health Statistics Reports Number 18, July 30, 2009
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Jul 30, 2009 and alternative medicine (CAM) use among U.S. adults, . Out-of-pocket costs for complementary and alternative medicine among adults
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Number 18 n July 30, 2009
Costs of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) and Frequency of Visits to CAM Practitioners: United States, 2007
by Richard L. Nahin, Ph.D., M.P.H., National Institutes of Health; Patricia M. Barnes, M.A.; Barbara J. Stussman, B.A.; and Barbara Bloom, M.P.A., Division of Health Interview Statistics
Abstract
Objective—This report presents selected estimates of costs of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use among U.S. adults, the frequency of visits made to CAM providers, and the frequency of purchases of self-care CAM therapies. Data from the 2007 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), which is conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Center for Health Statistics, are used in this report. Methods—Estimates were derived from the Complementary and Alternative Medicine Supplement of the 2007 NHIS, sponsored by the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, which is part of the National Institutes of Health. Estimates were generated using the SUDAAN statistical package to account for the NHIS complex sample design. Results—In 2007, adults in the United States spent $33.9 billion out of pocket on visits to CAM practitioners and purchases of CAM products, classes, and materials. Nearly two-thirds of the total out-of-pocket costs that adults spent on CAM were for self-care purchases of CAM products, classes, and materials during the past 12 months ($22.0 billion), compared with about one-third spent on practitioner visits ($11.9 billion). Despite this emphasis on self-care therapies, 38.1 million adults made an estimated 354.2 million visits to practitioners of CAM. About three-quarters of both visits to CAM practitioners and total out-of-pocket costs spent on CAM practitioners were associated with manipulative and body-based therapies. A total of 44% of all out-of-pocket costs for CAM, or about $14.8 billion, was spent on the purchase of nonvitamin, nonmineral, natural products. Keywords: complementary and alternative medicine c National Health Interview Survey
Introduction
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) comprises a diverse set of healing philosophies, therapies, and
products (1). Over the last decade, the U.S. public has shown a steady and substantial use of complementary and alternative medicine, with 2007 estimates placing overall prevalence of
use at 38.3% of adults (83 million persons) and 11.8% of children (8.5 million children under age 18 years) (2). The most recent national estimates of out-of-pocket expenditures for CAM therapies are now more than a decade old (3). In their 1997 telephone survey, Eisenberg et al (3) contacted a nationally representative sample of 2,055 individuals aged 18 years or older, with a weighted response rate of 60%. At that time, the total out-of-pocket expenditure for CAM use in adults was estimated at $27.0 billion per year, with $12.2 billion of the total going toward payment of CAM professionals such as acupuncturists, chiropractors, and massage therapists. This report is based on a CAM survey supplement administered as part of the sample adult questionnaire of the 2007 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). The report focuses on the out-of-pocket expenditures on CAM. Estimates of total cost and cost per visit for all CAM therapies used, as well as prevalence of use of individual CAM therapies and the associated per-visit costs to a CAM provider, are presented. The report also examines the number of visits made to CAM providers in a 12-month period. A previous report discussed the prevalence of CAM use among adults and children (2).
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics
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