Evaluation of Websites for Older Adults: How Senior Friendlyare they
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Usability News 61 - Hart Page 1 of 6 February 2004, Vol. 6 Issue 1 | Volume 6 Issue 1 | Past Issues | A-Z List | Usability News is a free web newsletter that is produced by the Software Usability Research Laboratory (SURL) at Wichita State University. The SURL team specializes in software/website user interface design, usability testing, and research in human-computer interaction. Barbara S. Chaparro, Editor Evaluation of Websites for Older Adults: How “Senior-Friendly” Are They? By Traci A. Hart Summary: Thirty-six websites designed for older adults were evaluated as to how well they complied to 25 “senior-friendly” guidelines recommended by the National Institute of Aging. Results indicate that a majority of the sites complied to guidelines related to basic navigation and content style but not for text size, text weight, or site map availability. Implications of compliance to these guidelines on user satisfaction and performance are discussed. In 2003, a study recorded that those aged 55+ years, comprising 29% of the total population, accounted for 17.2% of the online users; an increase from 5% in 1997 (Cortese, 1997; Mediamark Research Inc., 2003). Although Internet usage is increasing overall, there remain millions of elderly that have yet to acknowledge the technology age is upon them. There may be a broad spectrum of reasons technology is not quickly adopted by older adults, such as computer anxiety (Ellis & Allaire, 1999), having little exposure or training to technology (Echt, Morrell & Park, 1998; Rogers, Meyer, Walker, & Fisk, 1998), or simply not understanding the possible benefits of use (Czaja & Sharit, 1998; Melenhorst, Rogers & Caylor, 2001). Unfortunately, designers often fail to recognize older adults as a potential user group for their technology. Industry has only recently begun designing software and hardware that make accommodations for the needs of the aging user. Margaret Wylde (1995) has written that, “many manufacturers believe their idea is an ingenious product for ‘the elderly,’ but they rarely understand what the customer wants or the problems that must be solved” (p.15). There are specific abilities and performance attributes of the older users that need to be addressed. In general, older adults are slower (Czaja & Sharit, 1998), travel to fewer pages (Liao, Groff, Chaparro, Chaparro & Stumpfhauser, 2000), are less likely to leave a website when experiencing long delay times (Selvidge, 2003), and spend more time selecting targets for tasks than those in younger generations (Chaparro, Bohan, Fernandez, Choi, & Kattel, 1999). Regardless of age, however, users are not always considered in website design. Thus, many groups and researchers have developed comprehensive sets of guidelines to improve accessibility such as the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (W3/WAI) and the government instituted U.S. Section 508 Guidelines. The National Institute on Aging and the National Library of Medicine advanced the above guidelines one step further by developing “senior friendly” guidelines that are even more specific to the older adult Internet user. In 2002, these two groups published Making Your Web Site Senior http://psychology.wichita.edu/newsurl/usabilitynews/61/older_adults.asp 4/11/2008
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