Allure of negative feedback: Self-verification strivings among depressed persons
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10/16/2000 Allure of Negative Feedback Self-Verification Strivings Among Depressed
Persons These notions are elaborated by self-verification theory.
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Page 1 of 26 Journal of Abnormal Psychology © 1992 by the American Psychological Association May 1992 Vol. 101, No. 2, 293 -306 For personal use only--not for distribution. Allure of Negative Feedback Self-Verification Strivings Among Depressed Persons William B. Swann University of Texas at Austin Richard M. Wenzlaff University of Texas at San Antonio Douglas S. Krull University of Missouri at Columbia Brett W. Pelham University of California, Los Angeles ABSTRACT We propose that people with negative self-views are rejected because they gravitate to partners who view them unfavorably. In relation to nondepressed college students ( n = 28), depressives ( n = 13) preferred interaction partners who evaluated them unfavorably (Study 1). Similarly, in relation to nondepressives ( n = 106), depressives ( n = 10) preferred friends or dating partners who evaluated them unfavorably (Study 2). Dysphorics ( n = 6) were more inclined to seek unfavorable feedback from their roommates than were nondepressives ( n = 16); feedback-seeking activities of dysphorics were also associated with later rejection (Study 3). Finally, people with negative self- views ( n = 37) preferentially solicited unfavorable feedback, although receiving such feedback made them unhappy, in comparison with people with positive self-views ( n = 42; Study 4). It seems a desire for self-verification compels people with negative self- views to seek unfavorable appraisals. This research and the preparation of this manuscript were supported by research funds (MH 37598) and a Research Scientist Development Award (MH 00498) from the National Institute of Mental Health to William B. Swann, Jr. Portions of this manuscript were prepared while Swann was a fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences. He is grateful to the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, which helped support his stay there. We are grateful to Steve Predmore for his assistance in conducting Study 4 and to Daniel Gilbert and Gerald I. Metalsky for helpful comments on earlier versions of this article. Correspondence may be addressed to William B. Swann, Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, 78712. Received: March 27, 1989 Revised: October 8, 1990 Accepted: October 25, 1990 Consider this: People with negative self-concepts seem to behave in ways that generate the very conditions from which they suffer. As paradoxical as this assertion may seem, a growing body of evidence suggests that it may be true. For example, after a mere 15 min of unstructured interaction, http://spider.apa.org/ftdocs/abn/1992/may/abn1012293.html 10/16/2000
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